Adding-machine.



F. W. CARSON.

ADDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.13. 19w.

1 ,262, 1 7 1 Patented Apr. 9, 1918.

WITNESSES A TTORNEYS F. W; CARSON.

ADDIING MACHINE;

APPLICATION FILED mma, m1.

Patented Apr. 9, 1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2 A TTORNE Y8 F. W. CARSON.

ADDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 13, 1917.

Patented Apr. 9, 1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3 QQ I I ATTORNEYS UNITED sTArns PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK W. CARSON, OF LAKESIDE, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO ARTHUR W. JOHNSON, 0F LAKESIDE, CALIFORNIA.

ADDING-M ACHIN E.

Application filed. January 13, 1917.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK W. GARsorI, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Lakeside, in the. county of San Diego and State of California, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Adding-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention is an improvement in calculating machines, and has for its object to provide a machine of'the character specified, by means of which sums in either addition. or subtraction may be done.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a front View of the improved machine;

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 4, looking in the direction of the arrows adjacent to the line;

Figs. 3 and 4 are sections on the lines 33 and 44 respectively of Fig. 1, each view looking in the direction of the arrows adjacent to the line;

Fig. 5 is a partial end view, and

Fig. 6 is a top plan view.

' The present embodiment of the invention comprises a suitable casing 1, which is substantially cylindrical, and has at its top a transversely extending slot or opening 1*. In the rounded front of the casing is a series of slots or openings 1", each ofwhich extends from one slot or opening 1 to a. transverse stop bar 2, and a shaft 4 is j ournaled in the casing at the ends thereof, the said shaft having alongitudinally extending groove, as shown, and "upon the shaft is journaled a series ofsimilar number wheels 5.

Adjacent to each number wheel a washer 6 is arranged, and the washers are rigid with the shaft, each washer having a key, as shown in Fig. 2, for engaging the groove in the shaft to cause the washer to turn with the shaft.

The shaft has a knurled head 7 at one end for convenience inyturning the same during resetting, and the shaft is also provided with an indicator 8 at said end, the indicator cooperating with a scale on a ring 9 mounted on the casing at the center of the shaft.

Each of the washers 6 is provided with four radial lugs 10, and the said lugs are spaced apart from each other a distance of ninety degrees. Each washer iS also pro Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 9, 1918.

Serial No. 142,196.

vided with a casing 11 extending radially therefrom in laterally offset relation, and within each casing is arranged pawl mechanism for cooperating with a wheel, in a manner to be presently described.

Each of the wheels, as shown, is provided on one face with a marginal laterally extending flange 5*, and each of the said flanges is toothed, the space between the teeth forming recesses for engagement by the point of a pencil or the like, to turn the wheel and also serving as stops for engagement by the pawl mechanism, to control the moving mechanism for the wheel to be described.

Each of the casings 11 is open at its outer end and a ball 12 is mounted in each casing, each ball being normally spring pressed outwardly and cotiperating with the teeth of the adjacent wheel to prevent accidental displacement of the same. Each of the springs 13 is arranged between the ball and the inner end of the casing and the teeth are so spaced and the ball is of such size that it can not enter entirely between the teeth and is keyed to hold the teeth in the manner shown in Fig. 2.

A crescent-shaped lever-14 is pivoted on each wheel, on that face adjacent to the casing 11 of the ball which engages the succeeding wheel. Each of these crescentshaped. levers is pivoted to the wheel at approximately the center of the lever, and each lever has projecting from the convex edge thereof and at the center of the lever a lug 15. A spring 16 is connected with each lever in a manner to normally hold the lever with the lug 15 radial to the shaft, and the horns of the lever are adapted to engage the teeth of the wheel to move the said wheel under circumstances to be later described.

Each lever 14 is pivoted to its wheel on the opposite side from the teeth of the wheel, and is adapted to engage the teeth of the succeeding wheel. Each wheel is provided on the rib 5 with numerals, the numerals being arranged between each of, the recesses or depressions forming the teeth, and the numerals are arranged successively in four series, running from to 9. The numeral 0 of each series is arranged on a slightly longer tooth than those of the remaining numerals of the series, the Said longer teeth being indi- 7 of the machine, but it is obvious that as many series might be used as might be found desirable. The numerals of the wheels are hidden except at the opening 1.

The operation of this portion of the device is as follows: With the parts in the position of Figs. 1 and 6, when it is desired to add the numbers 48 and 56 for instance, the point of a pencil is inserted between the teeth of the units wheel at the indicating numeral 6 of the series 30 on the casing, and the pencil is pulled downwardly until it contacts with the stop bar 2. The numeral 6 will now appear at the opening 1 at the units wheel. The pencil is then engaged with the tens wheel at the numeral 5 and drawn down in the same manner. The

product 56 will now register at the opening The pencil is again engaged with the 1*. units wheel at the indicating numeral 8 of the series 30 and drawn down until it engages the stop bar. The units wheel will now have been moved fourteen-fortieths of a revolution, passing over one series of numerals and to the numeral 4 in'the succeeding series. At the moment when the numeral 0 on the units wheel is passing the opening 1, the pawl lever 14 of the units wheel will engage one of the lugs 10 of the washer adjacent to the said wheel and between the same and the tens wheel, and the said pawl lever will be swung in such manner that one of the horns thereof will enago one of the depressions between the adacent teeth, and as the units wheel is carried forward the tens wheel will be moved one-fortieth of a revolution, traveling with the units wheel as the lug 15 is slipped over the lug 10. The tens wheel will now register 6. To complete the operation, the penoil is engaged with the tens wheel at the indicating numeral 4, and drawn down to the stop bar. The tens wheel has now been moved ten-fortieths or one-quarter of a revolution, and the numeral 0 will appear at the opening 1. At the same time that this numeral is appearing at the opening, the hundreds wheel will have been moved a distance of one tooth in the same manner as specified for the tens wheel, and the product re istered will be 104.

uring movement of each wheel the ball 12 will be moved down by the rounded ends of the depressions between the teeth to permit the movement of the wheel, but the ball,

by its engagement with the space between these depressions, will prevent overthrow or reverse movement of the wheel.

To perform the operation of subtracting if, for instance, it is desired to subtract 7 from 14, the machine is first cleared until. 0 appears at. the opening 1. The units and tens wheels are then turned to show the number 14, that is, 1 on the tens wheel and 4 on the units wheel will appear at the openings 1. Now to subtract 7, the pencil is engaged with the units wheel at the seventh tooth from the top of the slot, that is, the pencil is not engaged with the units wheel at the numeral 7 but at the number 4. Since the numeral 4 is at the opening 1 it will be obvious that the numeral 3 will be at the top of the slot. Hence, the count will pass over those teeth bearing the numerals, 3, 2, 1, 0, 9, 8. lVhen the pencil is pushed up until it engages the top of the slot 1, the numeral 4 will pass from the opening 1. and the numerals 3, 2, 1 0, 9, 8 and 7 will appear in succession, the numeral 7 appearing at the opening 1 when the pencil engages the upper end of the slot. When 0 passes the opening 1. at the units wheel, the tens wheel will be moved one tooth and the .numeral 1 which appears at the opening 1 will be succeeded by the numeral 0. It will be understood, that the numerals on the wheels are only visible at the opening 3, and even in addition it would be necessary to count the teeth unless series of numerals, as shown, were placed alongside the slots. It is obvious that instead of counting down seven teeth from the top the pencil might be engaged with the lowermost tooth and the wheel moved seven-fortieths of a revolution, that is, until the pencil came opposite the numeral 7 on the scale. In either event the wheel is moved seven-fortieths of a revolution. The only change in subtraction is that change necessary to cause the pawls 14 to engage at the proper time. Wherever the pencil is engaged with the units wheel in subtraction or with any other wheel, it is moved a number of teeth corresponding to the number to be subtracted. In subtracting 37 from 100, for instance, the hundreds wheel will show the numeral 1 at the opening 1. When now the units wheel is moved scven-fortieths of a revolution the numerals 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4 and 3 will appear at the opening 1* in succession. The tens wheel is moved three-fortieths of a revolution, and it will be evident that the numerals 9, 8, 7 will appear in succession at the opening 1 for the tens wheel. As the .0 on the tens wheel passes from the opening 1, the hundreds wheel will be moved one tooth, causing the numeral 0 to appear at the opening 1' instead of the numeral 1. Thus the difference will appear. If the pencil were engaged with the lowest accessible notch in any wheel and moved upwardly seven teeth, or until the pencil were opposite the numeral 7, itwill be evident that the wheel 1.1 turned seven-fortieths of a revolution, so that seven numerals will appear in succession at the o ening 1. Whatever the amount shown y the machine at the con": mencement of the operation, whether such amount be one or two figures, the difference between the said amount and the subtrahendwill appear at the opening 1 when the wheel has been moved a number of teeth corresponding to the amount of the said subtrahend. The purpose of the notches 21 and 22 and the spring catch 1823 is to hold the washers 6 in adjusted position. When adding, the lugs 10 must engage the pawls 14 at a difierent point in the rotation of the wheels than during the process of subtraction.

The shaft 40 is normally locked from rotation in either direction by the lever 18, shown in Fig. 3. This lever is pivoted to one end of the casing as indicated at 19, and cooperates with a washer 2O keyed on the shaft. This washer has notches 21 and 22 in its periphery, and the lever has a lug 28 engaging in the notches to lock the shaft against rotation. A coil spring 24 is provided for normally holding the lever with the lug in engagement with the notches, and the outer end of the lever is bent upward as shown, extending through the casing 1 and having a head for convenience in opcrating the same. It will be evident that when the lug 23 is released from the notches 21 or 22, the shaft may be rotated to clear the wheel, and because of the pawl mechanism the wheels will turn with the shaft.

A sto bar 25 is arranged at the top of the casing or engaging the long teeth 17 which bear the numerals O, and the said bar is mounted on arms 26 which are pivoted to the ends of the casing. A link 27 connects the stop bar with the lever 18 near the pivotal connection ofthe said lever, and the parts are so connected that when the lug 23 discngages the openings 21 or 22, the stop bar 25 will be in position for engagement by the long teeth 17 which bear the numerals 0.

It will be noticed that the ring 9 at the end of the casing bears the letters A and S, the former indicating the position for addition, and the latter for subtraction, and when the indicator 8 is pointing at the letter A. the lug 20 may engage the recess 21. "When, however, the shaft is turned until the indicator 8 points to the letter S, the recess 22 will be in posit-ion for engagement by the lug 23. Vlhen, now, the device has been cleared, the lever 18 is held depressed, and the shaft and Wheels are turned until the indicator '8 registers with the letter S. The lever 18 is now released, and the which is exposed is moved downwardly,

while during subtraction the movement of the wheels is reversed, the said wheels moving upwardly.

It will be noticed that in Fig. 2 the crescent lever 1% has just reached the contact stage with the adjoining wheel. The arm 15 has just come in contact with the lug 10 which is the correct position when 9 units have been added to 0 on the machine. Now if another unit is added the adjoining wheel will be carried forward as long as the arm 15 of the crescent lever moves over the lug 10, which makes it evident that the lug should be as wide as a tooth in a number wheel, less the radial difference. Then when the arm 15 of the crescent lever has swung back to neutral position it will be evident that some distance must intervene between it and. the lug 10 which it has just passed. 'lhc reading on the machine will be 10. Now if'it be desired to subtract 1 the arm of the crescent lever must be in re verse position from that of Fig. 2, that is it must have been in contact with the lug 10 long enough to bring the left arm of the crescent lever to a firm contact with the adjoining wheel, so that when the first wheel is moved onc-forticth of a revolution backward, the adjoining wheel will be carried along one-forticth of a revolution also. This is why it is necessary to change the position of the lug 10, which being in fixed relation to the shaft, necessitates the turn ing of the latter.

It will be evident that during subtraction the lugs 10 must engage the pawl or lever 11 at a different point than when adding. In adding. when the numeral 9 comes into view on the hundreds wheel,the lever 14 should be in position to contact with the next wheel in order to carry. As the wheel passes'from the 9 to 0 the lever operates and the carrying operation is complete. In subtraction when the numeral 0" appears at the opening the lever 14 must be again in position to engage the lug 10 to borrow. Such borrowing. however, must take place as the numeral 1 succeeds the numeral 0 at the opening, and 0b viously the lugs '10 must be in different positions. The notches 21 and fix the positions for addition and subtraction.

1. A machine of the character specified, comprising a shaft having means for turning the same, a series of number wheels journaled on thc shaft, :1 series of washers rigid with the shaft, the said washers alternating with the number wheels, each number wheel having upon one facea marginal rib Provided with similarly arranged series of numerals, said rib having indentations between the numerals forming teeth on the inner surface of the rib. each washer having radial cams corresponding in number to the number ofseries of numerals, and spaced apart an equal distance from each other, mechanism in connection with each wheel and controlled by the cams of the adjacent washer for engaging the teeth Of the succeeding wheel, to move the said wheel at predetermined intervals, means in connection with each washer for preventing overthrow of the succeeding wheel. each wheel having radial extensions between the series of numerals, and a stop bar for engaging the extensions during resetting and movable into and out of engaging position. means for controlling the stop bar and for normally holding the bar in inoperative position, and means in connection with the said means and with the shaft for holding the shaft from rotation. a casing for the num* her wheels in which the shaft is journaled and having an opening provided with upper and lower stop bars, said holding means for the shaftbeing arranged to hold the number wheels when reset in a plurality of positions.

A machine of the character specified, comprising a shaft having means for turn ing the. same, a series of number wheels journalcd on the shaft, a series of washers rigid with the shaft, the said washers alternating with the number wheels, each number wheel having upon one face a marginal rib provided with similarly air-ranged series of numerals, said rib having indentations between the numerals forming teeth on the inner surface of the rib. each washer having radial cams corresponding in number to the number of series of numerals and spaced apart an equal distance from each other, mechanism in connection with each wheel and controlled by the cams of the adjacent washer for engagii'ig the teeth of the succeeding wheel to move the said wheel at predetermined intervals, means in connection with each washer for preventing overthrow of the succeeding wheel, each wheel having radial extensions between the series of numerials, and a stop bar for engaging the extensions during resetting and movable into and out of engaging position, means for con trolling the stop bar and for normally holding the bar in inoperative position, and means in connection with the said means and with the shaft for holding the shaft from rotation.

3. A machine of the character specified, comprising a shaft having means for turning the same, a series of number wheels journaled on the shaft, a series of washers rigid with the shaft, the said washers alternating withthe number wheels, each number wheel having upon one face a marginal rib pro vided with similarly arranged series of numerals, said rib having indentations between the numerals forming teeth on the inner surface of the rib, each washer having radial cams corresponding in number to the number of series of numerals and spaced apart an equal distance from each other, mechanism in connection with each wheel and ,controlled by the cams of the adjacent washer for engaging the teeth of the succeeding wheel to move the said wheel at predetermined intervals, means in connection with each washer for preventing overthrow of the succeeding wheel, each wheel having radial extensions between the series of numerals, and a stop bar for engaging the extensions during resetting and movable into and out of engaging position.

4-. A machine of the character specified, comprising a shaft, a series of number wheels journaled on the shaft, a washer adjacent to each wheel, means in connection with each washer for engaging the succeeding wheel to prevent overthrow or reverse movement thereof, means in connection with each wheel for engaging the succeeding wheel to move the said wheel at predetermined intervals and controlled by the movement of the said preceding wheel with respect to the washer, each of said wheels having series of consecutively arranged. numerals, and the controlling means for moving the succeedin wheels being arranged to move the sai( wheels as the preceding wheel passes from one series of numerals to another series.

5. A machine of the character specified, comprising a shaft, a series of number wheels journaled on the shaft, a washer adjacent to each wheel, means in connection with each washer for engaging the succeeding wheel to prevent overthrow or reverse movement thereof, means in connection with each wheel for engaging the succeeding wheel to move the said wheel at predetermined intervals and controlled by the movement of the said preceding wheel with respect to the washer, each of said wheels having series of consecutively arranged numerals, and the controlling means for moving the succeeding wheels being arranged to move the said wheels as the preceding wheel passes from one series of numerals to an other series, and means for varying the position of the washers with respect to the wheels, for the purpose specified.

6. A machine of the character specified, comprising a shaft, a series of number wheels journaled on the shaft, a washer in connection with -'ach wheel, means in connection with each wheel for engaging the succeeding wheel to move the said wheel at 'n'edetermined intervals and controlled by the movement of the said preceding Wheel with respect to the washer adjacent thereto, said engaging means being controlled by the washer when the wheel is moving in either direction, and means for varying the position of the washers with respect to the Wheels for the purpose specified.

7. A machine of the character specified, comprising a shaft, a series of number wheels journaled on the shaft, means in connection with each wheel for engaging the succeeding Wheel to move the said wheel at predetermined intervals, means secured to the shaft adjacent each wheel for controlling either direction, and means for moving the 5 shaft a predetermined position for varying the position of the means on the shaft with respect to the wheel.

FRANK W. CARSON.

Witness J. H. Bmz'rcn. 

